Buffer for railway and like cars



May 17 1927.

H MOHR BUFFER FOR RA'LWAY AND LIKE CARS Filed .June 8. 1925 A f l.

Arran/vn 45 each other vseparated from one another by Patented May17,1927. l

A UNITED STATES g i @1,629,224 PATENT {OFFICE-v HEINRICH MOI-IR, OF'HAGE'.N, GERMANY.

BUFFER ron RAILWAY Ann I .IKE CARS.

Application iediune s, 1925, seriai No. 35,776, and. in `GermanyNovemter 3,1924'.

i cars employing volute springs of rectangular or oval vsection have thedrawback that the shocks are transmitted in an axialv direction to thebuffer frames and the underframes of the cars which are therefore liableto be damaged by violent or excessive shocks. The cost of replacing thebroken or damaged buffer springs is-very high.

Itis the object of the present invention to provide a constructionwhich*v will avoid these drawbacks. According to the invention .thebuffer is so arranged that Va 'shockl or force acting in thelongitudinal direction is transmitted in a radialdirection tothe buffercasing. -The buffer spring is composed of'a rnumberof sections whichare'independently exchangeable and replaceable.

The, invention will now be fully described with vreference to theaccompanying draw- I ings and the scope 'of the invention willbe .setout in the appended claims. Y

Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section and partly a plan of a bufferconstruction embodying the features of the invention. l

Fig. 2 is a fragmentary' longitudinal seci .tion similar to Fig.l'showing the parts in the extreme position corresponding to fullvcompressionof the buffer spring.v

Fig. 3 isa cross sect'on on line A-B of Fig.1.

Figsl and 5 `illustrate in longitudinal section two` constructions ofthe parts transmitting the shock to the spring device.A

Figs. 6, 7 and 8 are cross sections of threel different constructionsAof the buffer spring.

. Fig. y9 isa pressure diagram....fk I y' Y Fig. 10 illustratesl anarrangement in which instead ,of an ,internal an external buffer springis used.I i Y Y The buffer comprises a casing a, a rain'or plunger bhaving the usual'head f, the casing and the plunger having the usualpin'and slotconnection g. The spring device comprises a number ofsprings e arranged within ber of springs may beused. Slots kof twoVadjacent springs are-preferably arranged diametrically opposite eachother..` The u sprin' s e are looselyheld between endfba'rs iv an c*whichy are connectedy by al bolt m 'pressed condition, of the buffer.

and are held at the required distance bya distance sleeve n. Theoutermost spring e" is enclosed by a number, in theexample shown four,split ringed having conically shaped ends or bevelled surfaces bearingyec l vagainst conically Ashaped ends or bevelled surfaces of solidringscsee Fig. 4). In j the modified construction shown in Fig. 5 therings d are of circular section. The outermost ring c is in contact withthe inner end of the buffer plunger?)y whilst the innermost ring. cbears against the base o'of the buffer casing. The operation is asfollows. u Upon the buffer ram bbeing forced inwards, the solid rings 0'are moved towards each Vother compressing the rings d which in turncompress thev springs e.- The outer- "most springl e will'be firstcompressed and `will in turn compress `the adjacent spring and so on.Fig. 2 shows thesrings o in the extreme position. l

It may bepointed out that, the rings olf i' l are compressed bytheaction of the conical ends of the rings A considerableamount of theshock is absorbed by the friction between the rings 'c and d before orat vthe Sametime as the inner spring sections e are brought into action.Experiments carried out with the described arrangement show thattherecoil amounts to only2'-10% of the shock..

In order to subject the sections e of the i inner spring to a uniformstrain, these sec. tions may be .constructed in Athe mannefrf shown invdetail in Figs. 6,v 7 andl 8. In the constructionvshown in Fig.6 thethickness than thatof'the spring section ofthe middle spring section e3which again'is greater thantliat of the innerspringsection e4. ,In

"of the outermost spring section e2 is greater this construction it isvassumedv that the sec i condition ofthe buffer.

thickness'of the three sectionsvkef", cand c7 is the same orapproximately the same, a fairly considerable intervening space -or playp being left between the adjacent sections.

Fig. 9 illustrates the workingjorpressure l,tions arearrangedclose'togetlier orl with 4very small intervening spacein the normal f Yi 1005 In -heconstruction shownin Fig. "7 theV f Y .u ldiagram whichslic'rws that the pressure line l is concavellthea@ 0f aninterveningspace n being lett `betn'f'eefn-'the individual sections oftheiinner spring. Y

lItjWill be understood that the shock is taken up toaiconsiderable:exteiit'by Yfriction whereby theV strain upon the inner'spring is relieved. The spaces between the vai-ions parts ot thespringdeviceiviz,.c, CZ and c may vbe filled nwith grease.;

`.The number 'otthe sections e may: be any desired number and depends onthe particular lconditions Vo'tvWor-ling. The sections e may beof conedcylindricalforrn.

1.. A buiten-gear ,.Tlie arrangement of thefparts candy@ may Vbereversedas shown in Fig'.y 10,'that is, 'thel solidj'r-ings o inayybe arrangedinternally Vand thespl-it vcylindrical springs cfinaybearranged'externally, the split ring `d being, asin the previous case,arranged between c and Y:The vlatter arrangement is .particu-f larlysuitable for tramcars and light rail- Way cars.

, The Whole ispringdevice comprising the parts ac, Z and c may beeasilyremoved as a whole.

another by concentric air spacesand' adapted tobe compressed or expandedoiieatter vthe other-,in successive operations by the action 5 ofsaidinterinediate rings Wherebylongitudinal-f-orces"or shocks aretransmitted radially lto the said series of 'split springs,substantial-1y as described.

2. .b tier` gearforsrailyvay and likeifcars coinprisingy in combination:solid rings i l adapted to move longitudinally, intermediate splitVrings adaptedto be flexed radiallyg'by the, longitudinal movement lofsaid solid rings, Eand a single series of concentricallyy arrangedapproximately 'cylindrical fspli't .springs separated lonefroin vanotherby con'N centric air-:spaces and adapted ltobe lflexed one after theother in successive operations 'gby the* actionio'fthe'saidfinterniediate rings,

Y whereby longitudinal. Aforces yor shocks are transmitted radiallytothe said series oit `,split springs,- .said cylindrical"splitl springsbeing soconstrnctedfas rto* enable the edges of each spring at the splitpart to over ap `during flexing and being of vdiinin'ishing thicknessjaceording'as Ytheir radial vdistances from the pointzof applicationfot.the/transmitted forces increase, substantially as described. Y A i'buffer gear for Vmiiwiy ma iik@ fears comprising. in; combination:solidV lrings 1 Vadapted to 'move longitudinally, intermedi atesplitrings adapted to k'be compressed or expanded radiall'yby therlongitiidina'l Ymove- Y y mentot'said solid rings,"and asingle seriesapproximately cylindrical torni` Separated one from another byconcentric air spaces Iand adapted l'to "be `compressed or expanded oneafter the other in successive operations 'of concentrically arrangedsplit springs of by t'l'ie'ac'tion oiiz'tli'e said intermediate Vringswhereby longitudinal forces or shocks are transmitted radially t0 thesaid yseries vof split springs, said springs being of diminishingthicknessacc'ording as their r'adia'l'di'sf tances fro-nnl the pointot'application the transmitted Aforces increase, substantially as f sodescribed` f p ,Y v

-4. A buii'e'r gearjfor 'railway andfli'ke cars lcomprising infcornbination: "'sol'id rings adapted to move longitudinally,intermediate splitl rings "adapted Vto fbev compressed radially 4'by thelongitudinal movement of saidfsolifd rings, 'and a series ofapproximatelyI cylindrical split springs arranged con-Y Y centrically,andl interiorly to said l split rings and separated one vtrom. anotherb y concentric/air spaces,vvv said cylindrical splitlsprings beingadapted to be compressed one after the otherY in successive operationsrby the Y I action of the 'said intermediate rings -vv'herelongitudinalforces 'or shocks are!V transmitted radially V13o-fthe Said Vseries ofsplitl springs, saidsprings'fbeing of 'diminishing thickness accordingas their radial distances tromlthepoint of application of thettransmitted forces increase, substantially las d'escribed. i

5. A b-uiier `gear for railwayl and like vcars comprisingv incombination; adapted to move ln'gitudinally and 'having solid V'ringsihiorbeveiled sufran-s'intermediate split ringsia-dapted to be--compressed radially by.

the 'longitudinal movement .of said l'siolid. ringsand having exteriorbevell'ed surfaces adapted tozco'operate rwith 'said 'interiorb'e'velledsnfrtaces' on said "solid" rings, anda vvseries' 'not'concentrically arranged approximately cyliiidri `3alsplit springsseparated one vfrom another: by air spaces and Vadapted tofbe compressedone after 'the'.oth'er insiiccessiveoperations bytlieaction of the said,intermediate rings whereby l'longitudinal n forces orl shocks are'transmitted radially :to

the said series of splitS'pringS, said springs being'ot diminishingthickness 'accordin'gfas their radial distances'l rtroni 'the point ofap-VV` plication 'of "the transmitted idross; increase, Substantiallyasjdgescfbed.

VVV6. yA bu'ser gear orcrailviay or like cars .comprising incombinationz solid rings adaptedto move longitudinally, intermediatesplit ringsfadapted 'tobe compressed .or ex.- pande'd radially byftlielongitudinal move fr'nent otsaid solid rings, a seriesfof concentricallyarranged "approximately cylindrical split's'prings v'separated vone fromanother by -a'ir spaces Vland"adapte'd to "be vcomprassed or expandedone after the other in successive operations'by/the action ofsaidintermediate rings, and easily detachable end plates con# nectingsaid solid rings said split rings and said split springs in such manneras .to

render the whole of the said parts easily re- 1 adapted to movelongitudinally and having interior bevelled surfaces intermediate splitY rings adapted to be compressed radially by the longitudinal movementof said solid rings and having exterior bevelled surfaces adapted toco-operate with said interior Vbevelled surfaces on said solid rings,l aseries of concentrically arranged approximately cylindrical splitsprings separated one fromV another by concentric air spaces and adaptedto be compressed one after the other in suc'` cessive operations by theaction of the said intermediate rings,` whereby longitudinal U Vforcesor shocks are transmitted radially to the said series of splitsprings,`said cylindr1` cal ysplit springs being so constructed as'toenable the edges of each spring at the split part to overlap duringcompression, and detachablev end Vplates connecting said solid v y ringssaidsplit rings and said split springs in such manner asto rendertheWholeof the Vsaid parts easily removable; sald'springs being ofdiminishing thickness according as their radial distances from thepointof application of. the transmitted forces increase,

lsubstantially as described. f

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand. Y

- ,HEINRICH MOI-IR'.

